Gable
The triangular structures at the top of the Red House’s façade are known as gables, inspired by classical Greek and Roman architecture. These features were traditionally found on temples and palaces, symbolizing strength and grandeur. Each façade of the Red House is adorned with a gable, enhancing the building’s imposing presence and reflecting a sense of classical beauty.
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Dormer Windows
The dormer windows on the roof of the Red House are a design element rooted in European architecture, primarily intended to improve natural lighting and ventilation. Despite their Chinese nickname, "tiger windows," the term actually derives from the Shanghainese pronunciation of "roof." These dormer windows are present on every side of the building, adding both functionality and aesthetic appeal to the roof structure.
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Horizontal Bands
The alternating red and white stripes on the Red House’s façade are horizontal bands crafted using a washed terrazzo technique. These white bands enhance the building’s splendor while creating a distinct contrast with the red brick walls, resulting in a layered and visually captivating appearance. This combination exemplifies the building’s balance between utility and aesthetics.
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Keystone
The stone at the apex of each arch above the windows is known as the keystone, a crucial component in supporting the arch structure. The Red House’s keystones are particularly notable for their radiating design, which seamlessly integrates with the horizontal bands. This thoughtful detail not only ensures structural stability but also contributes to the architectural harmony of the building.
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Blind Windows
The Red House’s façade also features blind windows—opaque and non-functional openings designed primarily for decoration. These elements enhance the symmetry and aesthetic appeal of the building. Blind windows are a hallmark of classical architecture and have symbolized structural completeness and balance since the Tang Dynasty.
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Monitor Roof
The spired structure on the roof, known as the monitor roof, is a traditional Japanese architectural feature. It was designed to improve interior lighting and ventilation, facilitating better air circulation. While commonly seen in early Japanese wooden structures, the monitor roof has been preserved in the Red House’s brick architecture, adding depth and functionality to the overall design.
